MENINGKATKAN INDEKS PERTANAMAN PADI SAWAH MENUJU IP PADI 400

Abstract

Salah satu program Badan Litbang Pertanian dalam peningkatan produksi beras nasional adalah program
IP Padi 400. Program IP.padi 400 ditempuh dengan dua strategi yaitu rekayasa teknologi dan rekayasa sosial
untuk optimalisasi ruang dan waktu sehingga indeks pertanaman dapat dimaksimalkan. Masalahnya bagaimana
implementasi peningkatan indeks pertanaman tersebut di tingkat lapangan. Kajian ini dilaksanakan tahun 2009 di
Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Jawa Tengah, keduanya merupakan lokasi sasaran pengembangan IP Padi 400.
Tujuan pengkajian, yaitu; (a) menginformasikan pengertian IP Padi 400, (b) upaya rekayasa teknologi, (c) upaya
rekayasa sosial, dan (d) mengsintesis syarat keharusan dalam pengembangan IP Padi 400. Hasil menunjukan
bahwa dalam pengembangan Indeks pertanaman empat kali padi setahun, layak dilakukan dengan beberapa
syarat keharusan: (a) aspek teknis meliputi penggunaan varietas padi sangat genjah (VUSG), teknik persemaian
â€culikanâ€, penggunaan alsintan, introduksi alat dekomposer dan monitoring hama penyakit; (b) aspek ekonomis
meliputi efisiensi biaya produksi, tingkat produksi dan pendapatan lebih tinggi dari eksisting, mengoptimalkan
kelompok panen dan kelompok tanam serta upaya stabilitas harga gabah; dan (c) aspek kelembagaan meliputi
mengoptimalkan kelompok tani, dukungan lembaga keuangan mikro, penyediaan teknologi yang dibutuhkan dan
dukungan kebijakan pemerintah. Sepanjang kondisi ideal belum bisa terrealisasi, maka IP Padi 300 lebih layak
untuk dikembangkan daripada IP Padi 400. Program ini dapat dijadikan alternative terobosan kebijakan
mendorong peningkatan produksi beras nasional.
Kata kunci: Padi sawah, indeks pertanaman ,rekayasa teknologi dan sosial.

ABSTRACT
One of AARD pogram in increasing rice production was a program of rice cropping index of 400. This
program will be implemented through two strategies that is technological and social assessments to shorten time
and space so that a cropping index can be maximized. This paper is a review of strategy for improving the
cropping index of lowland rice to reach cropping index of 400. The objectives of study; (a) to inform the
understanding of rice cropping indek 400, (b) to describe the effort of technological assessment, (c) describe the
effort of social assessment, and (d) to synthesis the necessary condition in developing the rice cropping index of
400. The results showed that the rice cropping index of 400 can be conducted with several necessary conditions
namely: (a) technical aspects including the uses of superior varieties, seedling technique “culikanâ€, agricultural
mechanization, introduction of decomposer and monitoring of pest and disease; (b) the economic aspect
including the efficiency of production cost, higher production and revenue than existing, optimalization of
harvest and planting groups and stability of the rice price; and (c) institutional aspect including optimalization
of farmer groups, micro financial institution, provision of technology required by farmers, and governments
policies. As long as the ideal condition has been not created for developing the cropping index of 400, the
cropping index of 300 is more feasible to be developed either by technical, social, economical and the
environment aspects. This program can be used as an alternative policy for supporting the national rice
production.
Keywords: Lowland rice, cropping index, technology and social assessments